Discharge teaching after mitral valve replacement with a mechanical valve should include which topic?

• A. Need for daily aspirin
• B. Symptoms of infection
• C. Use of pain medications
• D. Purpose of anticoagulant medications

Answer: (D)

The main idea here is that a mechanical mitral valve creates a surface that tends to form clots, so lifelong anticoagulation is essential to prevent valve thrombosis and stroke. Discharge teaching should center on why these medications are needed and how to manage them safely. This includes understanding the purpose of the anticoagulant, how to take it consistently, monitoring with INR to stay within the target range, potential food and drug interactions (especially vitamin K-containing foods), and recognizing signs of bleeding or other complications. It’s also important to plan for safety steps like carrying a medical alert and knowing what to do around dental or surgical procedures that may require adjustment of anticoagulation.

While other topics like infection signs, pain management, or whether aspirin is used can be part of overall care, the critical, distinguishing focus for a mechanical valve is the maintenance and safety of lifelong anticoagulation.